An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 54 Search : ESO
angular resolution
  واگشود ِ زاویه‌ای   
vâgošud-e zâviye-yi

Fr.: résolution angulaire   

Of a telescope, the smallest angle betwwen two → point sources that produces distinct images. It depends on both the wavelength at which observations are made and on the diameter of the telescope. Same as → spatial resolution.

angular; → resolution.

corotation resonance
  باز‌آوایی ِ هم‌چرخش   
bâzâvâyi-ye ham-carxeš

Fr.: résonance de corotation   

That condition of a → galactic disk at an orbital radius in which the → angular velocity of the disk equals the → pattern speed. It is significant that the spiral wave pattern rotates as a rigid body (ΩP = const), whereas the galactic disk rotates differentially (Ω is a function of galactocentric distance r). The distance rC at which the two angular velocities coincide (Ω(rC) = ΩP) is referred to as the → corotation radius. The corotation resonance and its position within the galaxy is one of the fundamental properties of a spiral galaxy.

corotation; → resonance.

desorb
  واشمیدن   
vâšamidan

Fr.: désorber   

Verbal form of → desorption.

Desorb, from → de- + -sorb, modeled on → absorb.

vâšamidan, from vâ-, → de-, + šamidan, modeled on baršamidan, → absorb.

desorption
  واشم   
vâšam

Fr.: désorption   

A physical or chemical process by which a substance that has been sorbed (adsorbed or absorbed) by a liquid or solid material is removed from the material. Reverse of → sorption. → absorption; → adsorption.

Verbal noun of → desorb.

European Southern Observatory (ESO)
  نپاهشگاه ِ اروپایی ِ دشتری   
nepâhešgâh-e orupâyi-ye daštari

Fr.: Organisation européenne pour la recherche astronomique dans l'hémisphère austral   

An major intergovernmental research organisation in astronomy supported by 14 European countries. ESO was founded in 1962 as a consortium among Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, the Netherlands, and Sweden. The ESO Headquarters are located in Garching near Munich, Germany. The organization operates three outstanding observing sites in the Atacama Desert region of Chile: → La Silla, → Paranal, and Chajnantor. The → Very Large Telescope (VLT), the world's most advanced visible-light astronomical facility, is located on the 2600 m high mountain of Paranal, which also hosts the → VLT Interferometer (VLTI). The Chajnantor site, 5000 m above sea level, near San Pedro de Atacama, operates a submillimeter telescope (APEX). Moreover, a giant array of 12 m submillimeter antennas, called → ALMA, is being constructed in collaboration with North America, East Asia and Chile. ESO is currently planning a 42 m European Extremely Large optical/near-infrared Telescope, the → E-ELT.

European; → southern; → observatory.

high-resolution observation
  نپاهش ِ مه-واگشود   
nepâheš-e mehvâgošud

Fr.: observation à haute résolution   

An observation that provides a particularly narrow, peaked image of a point source. → point spread function.

high; → resolution; → observation.

image resolution
  واگشود ِ وینه، ~ تصویر   
vâgošud-e vine, ~ tasvir

Fr.: résolution d'image   

The separation between two detached but adjacent points in an image.

image; → resolution.

inner Lindblad resonance (ILR)
  باز‌آوایی ِ لیندبلاد ِ درونی   
bâzâvâyi-ye Lindblad-e daruni

Fr.: résonance de Lindblad interne   

A → Lindblad resonance expressed by: Ωp = Ω - κ/m.

inner; → Lindblad resonance.

Landau resonance
  باز‌آوایی ِ لانداؤ   
bâzâvâyi-ye Landau

Fr.: résonance de Landau   

For parallel propagating → electrostatic waves in a → plasma, the → resonance which occurs when the particle velocity equals the parallel phase velocity of the wave.

Landau damping; → damping.

Laplace resonance
  باز‌آوایی ِ لاپلاس   
bâzâvâyi-ye Laplace

Fr.: résonance de Laplace   

An → orbital resonance that makes a 4:2:1 period ratio among three bodies in orbit. The → Galilean satellites → Io, → Europa, → Ganymede are in the Laplace resonance that keeps their orbits elliptical. This interaction prevents the orbits of the satellites from becoming perfectly circular (due to tidal interactions with Jupiter), and therefore permits → tidal heating of Io and Europa. For every four orbits of Io, Europa orbits twice and Ganymede orbits once. Io cannot keep one side exactly facing Jupiter and with the varying strengths of the tides because of its elliptical orbit, Io is stretched and twisted over short time periods.

This commensurability was first pointed out by Pierre-Simon Laplace, → Laplace; → resonance.

Lindblad resonance
  باز‌آوایی ِ لیندبلاد   
bâzâvâyi-ye Lindblad

Fr.: résonance de Lindblad   

A kinematic resonance hypothesized to explain the existence of galactic → spiral arms. It occurs when the frequency at which a star encounters the spiral → density wave is a multiple of its → epicyclic frequency. Orbital resonances occur at the location in the disk where Ωp = Ω ± κ/m, where Ωp is → pattern speed, κ → epicyclic frequency, and m an integer representing the number of spiral arms. The minus sign corresponds to the inner Lindblad resonance (ILR) and the plus sign to the outer Lindblad resonance (OLR). The corotation resonance corresponds to Ωp = Ω. In general, the Lindblad resonances are defined for two spiral arms (m = 2), and low order. There are other less important resonances corresponding to higher m values. These resonances tend to increase the object's orbital eccentricity and to cause its longitude of periapse to line up in phase with the perturbing force. Lindblad resonances drive spiral density waves both in galaxies (where stars are subject to forcing by the spiral arms themselves) and in Saturn's rings (where ring particles are subject to forcing by Saturn's moons).

After the originator of the model, Bertil Lindblad (1895-1965), a Swedish astronomer, who made important contributions to the study of the rotation of the Galaxy; → resonance.

Lorentz resonance
  باز‌آوایی ِ لورنتز   
bâzâvâyi-ye Lorentz

Fr.: résonance de Lorentz   

A repeated electromagnetic force on an electrically charged ring particle, nudging the particle in the same direction and at the same point in its orbit. Lorentz resonances are especially important for tiny ring particles whose charge-to-mass ratio is high and whose orbit periods are a simple integer fraction of the rotational period of the planet's magnetic field (Ellis et al., 2007, Planetary Ring Systems, Springer).

Lorentz; → resonance.

low resolution
  که‌واگشود   
keh vâgošud

Fr.: faible résolution   

The quality of an instrument that lacks sufficient resolution for a specific observation. This is a relative quality, but presently a resolution below about 1 arcsecond.

low; → resolution.

magnetic resonance
  بازاوایی ِ مغناتیسی   
bâzâvâyi-ye meqnâtisi (#)

Fr.: résonance magnétique   

A phenomenon exhibited by certain atoms whereby they absorb energy at specific (resonant) frequencies when subjected to alternating magnetic fields.

magnetic; → resonance.

meso-
  مسو-   
meso-

Fr.: meso-   

A combining form meaning "middle," used in the formation of compound words; e.g. → meson; → mesosphere.

From Gk. mesos "middle, in the middle;" akin to L. medius, Pers. miyân, → middle; → medium.

Meso-, loan from Gk.

meson
  مسون   
meson

Fr.: méson   

A nuclear particle with a mass intermediate between that of a proton and an electron, which is believed to be responsible for the strong nuclear force. In contrast to the case of baryons or leptons, meson number is not conserved: like photons, mesons can be created or destroyed in arbitrary numbers. Their charge can be positive, negative, or zero.

From mes-, meso-, from Gk. mesos "middle," akin to L. medius, Pers. miyân, → medium, → middle, + -on a suffix used in the names of subatomic particles.

mesosiderite
  مسوسیدریت   
mesosiderit

Fr.: mesosidérite   

A class of → meteorites that is → brecciatedstony-iron with nearly equal amounts of → metal and → silicates.

meso-; → siderite.

mesosphere
  مسوسپهر   
mesosepehr

Fr.: mésosphère   

The layer of the atmosphere located between the → stratosphere and the → ionosphere, where temperature drops rapidly with increasing height. It extends between 17 to 80 kilometers above the Earth's surface.

meso-; → sphere.

natural resonance
  باز‌آوایی ِ زاستاری   
bâzâvâyi-ye zâstâri

Fr.: résonance naturelle   

A resonance such that the period of the driving force is the same as the natural period of the system.

natural; → resonance.

Neso
  نسو   
Neso

Fr.: Néso   

The outermost natural satellite of → Neptune, discovered in 2002. Also known as Neptune XIII, it follows a highly inclined and highly eccentric orbit at about 48 million km from Neptune. According to preliminary estimates, Neso is about 60 km in diameter.

In Gk. mythology, one of the Nereids, the fifty daughters of Nereus and Doris.

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