Astronomical Institute of St.-Petersburg State University
Résumé :
A review of modern observational and theoretical
constraints on cosmological physics of the standard model is
presented. Analysis of the two-fluid matter-quintessence FLRW model
shows that the crucial
problems of cosmological physics are the nature of dark matter, the
nature of dark energy and the
nature of gravity.
Recent results of high resolution N-body simulations show that CDM
model is in a conflict with observed
matter distribution on galactic halo scales, and this implies a more
complex physics of dark matter. Also it is possible to test the dark
energy physics by using classical cosmological tests and by studying
the cold local Hubble flow in the vicinity of the Local Group, which
is sensitive to the time dependence of the
equation of state of the Universe.
One of the most important tasks of cosmological physics is to probe
the nature of the
gravitational interaction, which determines the properties of all
other components of the cosmological
model. Tests of gravity physics from micro to cosmological scales are
discussed.
