Résumé :
During the last decade our understanding of the formation of structure
in the universe grew substantially. Due to the non-linear nature of
the gravitational dynamics and the complicated gas-astrophysical
processes numerical simulations have been the driving force behind
much of this theoretical progress.
Cosmological simulations must cover a large dynamical and mass range.
A representative volume of the universe should be large, but this
comes at the expense of the resolution. To overcome this problem we
have developed a new approach which consists of using observations of
the nearby universe as constraints imposed on the initial conditions
of the simulations. The resulting constrained simulations successfully
reproduce the observed structure within a few tens of megaparsecs
around the Milky Way.
I will discuss the formation of the Local Group and the Local Volume
based on a series of simulations performed within the CLUES project -
Constrained Local UniversE Simulations (http://www.clues-project.org/).
