An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 134 Search : form
affine transformation
  ترادیس ِ کروَن   
tarâdis-e karvan

Fr.: transformation affine   

Any → transformation preserving → collinearity.

affine; → transformation.

Aristotelian form
  دیسه‌ی ِ ارسطویی   
dise-ye Arastuyi

Fr.: forme aristotelienne   

Any of the four main → proposition forms treated in Aristotle's → syllogism:
The A form (universal affirmative): All P's are Q's,
The E form (universal negative): No P's are Q's,
The I form (particular affirmative): Some P's are Q's, and
The O form (particular negative) Some P's are not Q's.

Greek philosopher Aristotle (384-322 BC); → form.

Balmer formula
  دیسول ِ بالمر   
disul-e Bâlmer

Fr.: formule de Balmer   

A special solution of the mathematical formula which represents the wavelengths of the various spectral series of hydrogen in which the lower energy level is n = 2.

Balmer; → formula.

Bekenstein formula
  دیسول ِ بکنشتاین   
disul-e Bekenstein

Fr.: formule de Bekenstein   

The mathematical expression giving the → entropy, S, of a → black hole as a function of the area of its → event horizon, A: S = (kc3A)/(4Għ), where k is → Boltzmann's constant, ħ is the → reduced Planck's constant, and G the → gravitational constant. It can also be expressed by S = (kA)/(4lP2), where lP is the → Planck length. The existence of this entropy led to the prediction of the → Hawking radiation, because an entropy is associated with a temperature and a temperature to a → thermal radiation. The entropy of a black hole increases continuously because the fall of material into it increases its area.

For Jacob D. Bekenstein (1947-), an Israeli theoretical physicist, who contributed to the foundation of black hole thermodynamics; → formula.

biased galaxy formation
  دیسش ِ ورکدار ِ کهکشانها   
diseš-e varakdâr-e kahkašânhâ

Fr.: formation biaisée de galaxies   

The theory that bright galaxies form preferentially from anomalously overdense perturbations in the → early Universe.

biased; → galaxy; → formation.

bimodal star formation
  دیسش ِ دومد ِ ستارگان   
diseš-e domod-e setâregân

Fr.: formation bimodale d'étoile   

A concept of → star formation in which → high-mass stars and → low-mass stars form in different physical conditions involving different → molecular clouds. Following the pioneering suggestion of Herbig (1962), successive investigations have generally supported the idea that star formation proceeds bimodally with respect to stellar mass. The star formation rate appears to differ both spatially and temporally for low mass and → massive stars. This is of considerable importance for galactic evolution, since the low-mass stars lock up mass and are long-lived, low luminosity survivors to the present epoch, whereas massive stars are short-lived, recycle and enrich interstellar gas, and leave dark remnants while producing a high luminosity per unit of mass (Silk, J., 1988, in Galactic and Extragalactic Star Formation, p. 503, eds. R. E. Pudritz and M. Fich).

bimodal; → star; → formation.

bioinformatics
  زیست-ازداییک   
zist-azdâyik

Fr.: bioinformatique   

The retrieval and analysis of biochemical and biological data using mathematics and computer science, as in the study of genomes (Dictionary.com).

bio-; → informatics.

Boltzmann's entropy formula
  دیسول ِ درگاشت ِ بولتسمن   
disul-e dargâšt-e Boltzmann

Fr.: formule d'entropie de Boltzmann   

In → statistical thermodynamics, a probability equation relating the → entropy S of an → ideal gas to the quantity Ω, which is the number of → microstates corresponding to a given → macrostate: S = k. ln Ω. Same as → Boltzmann's relation.

Boltzmann's constant; → entropy; → formula.

bottom-up structure formation
  دیسش ِ ساختار از پایین به بالا   
diseš-e sâxtâr az pâyin bé bâlâ

Fr.: formation des structures du bas vers le haut   

A → structure formation scenario in which small galaxies form first, and larger structures are then formed in due course. Contrary to → top-down structure formation.

bottom; → up; → structure; → formation; → galaxy.

burst of star formation
  بلک ِ دیسش ِ ستارگان   
belk-e diseš-e setâregân

Fr.: flambée de formation d'étoiles   

An intense → star formation activity in a region of → interstellar medium or, more globally, in a → galaxy. It is characterized by a → star formation rate which is much higher than the corresponding average. Same as → starburst.

burst; → star; → formation.

canonical form
  دیسه‌یِ هنجاروار   
dise-ye hanjârvâr

Fr.: forme canonique   

The simplest expression of an equation, statement, or rule.

canonical; → form.

cluster formation efficiency (CFE)
  کارایی ِ دیسش ِ خوشه   
kârâyiè-ye diseš-e xuše

Fr.: efficacité de formation d'amas   

The fraction of → star formation which happens in → bound clusters. It is defined as the ratio between the → cluster formation rate and → star formation rate (Bastian, 2008, MNRAS 390, 759, arxiv/0807.4687).

cluster; → formation; → efficiency.

cluster formation rate (CFR)
  نرخ ِ دیسش ِ خوشه   
nerx-e diseš-e xuše

Fr.: taux de formation d'amas   

A parameter used in star formation models representing the ratio of the total mass in → star clusters to the corresponding age range (Bastian, 2008, MNRAS 390, 759, arxiv/0807.4687).

cluster; → formation; → rate.

CO formation
  دیسش ِ CO   
diseš-e CO

Fr.: formation de CO   

The chemical reaction that gives rise to → carbon monoxide in the → interstellar medium. According to models, several processes may lead to CO formation. For example, HCO+ + e → CO + H. The molecule HCO+ is itself produced through several paths, for example: H3+ + C → CH2+ + H, CH2+ + H2 → CH3+ + H, CH3+ + O → HCO+ + H. Alternatively: C+ + H2O → HCO+ + H. Another possibility: C+ + OH → CO+ + H, CO+ + H2→ HCO+ + H.

carbon monoxide; → formation.

co-formation theory
  نگره‌ی ِ هم-دیسش   
negare-ye ham-diseš

Fr.: théorie de co-formation   

A theory according to which the Earth and Moon formed from the → protoplanetary disk at the same time. See also → giant impact hypothesis, → capture theory, → fission theory.

co-; → formation; → theory.

collective star formation
  دیسش ِ گرد‌آمدی ِ ستارگان   
diseš-e gerdâmdi-ye setâregân

Fr.: formation collective d'étolies   

Formation of stars, especially → massive stars, in group as opposed to individual formation.

collective; → star; → formation.

color transformation
  ترادیس ِ رنگ   
tarâdis-e rang

Fr.: transformation de couleur   

Empirical mathematical transformation applied to the observed magnitudes in order to convert them into a standard system, or into a different system.

color; → transformation.

compound angle formula
  دیسول ِ زاویه‌ی ِ همنات   
disul-e zaviye-ye hamnât

Fr.: formule d'angle composé   

One of eight equations that give the → trigonometric functions of → compound angles.
sin(A± B) = sinA.cosnd angleB± cosA.sinB
cos(A + B) = cosA.cosB - sinA.sinB
cos(A - B) = cosA.cosB + sinA.sinB
tan(A + B) = (tanA + tanB)/(1 - tanA.tanB)
tan(A - B) = (tanA - tanB)/(1 + tanA.tanB).

compound; → angle; → formula.

conform
  ۱) همدیسیدن؛ ۲) همدیس شدن   
1) hamdisidan; 2) hamdis šodan

Fr.: 1) conformer; 2) se conformer   

1a) To make similar in form, nature, or character.
1b) To bring into agreement, correspondence, or harmony.
2a) To act in accordance or harmony; comply (usually followed by to).
2b) To be or become similar in form, nature, or character (Dictionary.com).

con-; → form.

conformal
  همدیس   
hamdis

Fr.: conforme   

1) That conforms, especially to the shape of something.
2) Math.: Of, pertaining to, or specifying a mapping of a surface upon another surface so that all angles between intersecting curves remain unchanged.

con- + → form + → -al.

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